diff --git a/packages/api/src/jobs/save_page.ts b/packages/api/src/jobs/save_page.ts
index e1ce04874..7e67024e9 100644
--- a/packages/api/src/jobs/save_page.ts
+++ b/packages/api/src/jobs/save_page.ts
@@ -246,8 +246,7 @@ export const savePageJob = async (data: Data, attemptsMade: number) => {
     // for non-pdf content, we need to save the page
     const result = await savePage(
       {
-        url,
-        finalUrl,
+        url: finalUrl,
         clientRequestId: articleSavingRequestId,
         title,
         originalContent: content,
diff --git a/packages/api/src/repository/library_item.ts b/packages/api/src/repository/library_item.ts
index 39d69d57e..f4003b7bc 100644
--- a/packages/api/src/repository/library_item.ts
+++ b/packages/api/src/repository/library_item.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { DeepPartial } from 'typeorm'
 import { getColumns, getColumnsDbName } from '.'
 import { appDataSource } from '../data_source'
 import { LibraryItem } from '../entity/library_item'
-import { keysToCamelCase, wordsCount } from '../utils/helpers'
+import { wordsCount } from '../utils/helpers'
 
 const convertToLibraryItem = (item: DeepPartial<LibraryItem>) => {
   return {
@@ -18,52 +18,43 @@ export const libraryItemRepository = appDataSource
       return this.findOneBy({ id })
     },
 
-    findByUserIdAndUrl(userId: string, url: string) {
+    findByUserIdAndUrl(userId: string, url: string, forUpdate = false) {
       // md5 is used to hash the url to avoid the length limit of the index
-      return this.createQueryBuilder()
+      const qb = this.createQueryBuilder()
         .where('user_id = :userId', { userId })
         .andWhere('md5(original_url) = md5(:url)', { url })
-        .getOne()
+
+      if (forUpdate) {
+        qb.setLock('pessimistic_write')
+      }
+
+      return qb.getOne()
     },
 
     countByCreatedAt(createdAt: Date) {
       return this.countBy({ createdAt })
     },
 
-    async upsertLibraryItem(item: DeepPartial<LibraryItem>, finalUrl?: string) {
+    async upsertLibraryItemById(item: DeepPartial<LibraryItem>) {
       const columns = getColumnsDbName(this)
-      // overwrites columns except id and slug
-      const overwrites = columns.filter(
-        (column) => !['id', 'slug'].includes(column)
-      )
+      // overwrites columns except slug
+      const overwrites = columns.filter((column) => column !== 'slug')
 
-      const hashedUrl = 'md5(original_url)'
-      let conflictColumns = ['user_id', hashedUrl]
-
-      if (item.id && finalUrl && finalUrl !== item.originalUrl) {
-        // update the original url if it's different from the current one in the database
-        conflictColumns = ['id']
-        item.originalUrl = finalUrl
-      }
-
-      const [query, params] = this.createQueryBuilder()
+      const result = await this.createQueryBuilder()
         .insert()
         .into(LibraryItem)
         .values(convertToLibraryItem(item))
-        .orUpdate(overwrites, conflictColumns, {
+        .orUpdate(overwrites, ['id'], {
           skipUpdateIfNoValuesChanged: true,
         })
         .returning(getColumns(this))
-        .getQueryAndParameters()
+        .execute()
 
-      // this is a workaround for the typeorm bug which quotes the md5 function
-      const newQuery = query.replace(`"${hashedUrl}"`, hashedUrl)
-      const results = (await this.query(newQuery, params)) as never[]
+      if (result.generatedMaps.length === 0) {
+        throw new Error('Failed to upsert library item')
+      }
 
-      // convert to camel case
-      const newItem = keysToCamelCase(results[0]) as LibraryItem
-
-      return newItem
+      return result.generatedMaps[0] as LibraryItem
     },
 
     createByPopularRead(name: string, userId: string) {
diff --git a/packages/api/src/routers/svc/email_attachment.ts b/packages/api/src/routers/svc/email_attachment.ts
index 0de5481a0..9f6e2ee0a 100644
--- a/packages/api/src/routers/svc/email_attachment.ts
+++ b/packages/api/src/routers/svc/email_attachment.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 import express from 'express'
-import { DeepPartial } from 'typeorm'
-import {
-  ContentReaderType,
-  LibraryItem,
-  LibraryItemState,
-} from '../../entity/library_item'
+import { ContentReaderType, LibraryItemState } from '../../entity/library_item'
 import { UploadFile } from '../../entity/upload_file'
 import { env } from '../../env'
 import { PageType, UploadFileStatus } from '../../generated/graphql'
 import { authTrx } from '../../repository'
-import { createOrUpdateLibraryItem } from '../../services/library_item'
+import {
+  createOrUpdateLibraryItem,
+  CreateOrUpdateLibraryItemArgs,
+} from '../../services/library_item'
 import { findNewsletterEmailByAddress } from '../../services/newsletters'
 import { updateReceivedEmail } from '../../services/received_emails'
 import {
@@ -154,7 +152,7 @@ export function emailAttachmentRouter() {
           ? PageType.File
           : PageType.Book
       const title = subject || uploadFileData.fileName
-      const itemToCreate: DeepPartial<LibraryItem> = {
+      const itemToCreate: CreateOrUpdateLibraryItemArgs = {
         originalUrl: uploadFileUrlOverride,
         itemType,
         textContentHash: uploadFileHash,
diff --git a/packages/api/src/server.ts b/packages/api/src/server.ts
index ca08e3e0b..caa8ae5bc 100755
--- a/packages/api/src/server.ts
+++ b/packages/api/src/server.ts
@@ -212,17 +212,35 @@ const main = async (): Promise<void> => {
   listener.headersTimeout = 640 * 1000 // 10s more than above
   listener.timeout = 640 * 1000 // match headersTimeout
 
-  process.on('SIGINT', async () => {
+  const gracefulShutdown = async (signal: string) => {
+    console.log(`[api]: Received ${signal}, closing server...`)
+
+    await apollo.stop()
+    console.log('[api]: Apollo server stopped')
+
+    await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+      listener.close((err) => {
+        console.log('[api]: Express listener closed')
+        if (err) {
+          console.log('[api]: error stopping listener', { err })
+        }
+        resolve()
+      })
+    })
+
     // Shutdown redis before DB because the quit sequence can
     // cause appDataSource to get reloaded in the callback
     await redisDataSource.shutdown()
-    console.log('Redis connection closed.')
+    console.log('[api]: Redis connection closed.')
 
     await appDataSource.destroy()
-    console.log('DB connection closed.')
+    console.log('[api]: DB connection closed.')
 
     process.exit(0)
-  })
+  }
+
+  process.on('SIGINT', () => gracefulShutdown('SIGINT'))
+  process.on('SIGTERM', () => gracefulShutdown('SIGTERM'))
 }
 
 // only call main if the file was called from the CLI and wasn't required from another module
diff --git a/packages/api/src/services/library_item.ts b/packages/api/src/services/library_item.ts
index f838834f0..20b47afb7 100644
--- a/packages/api/src/services/library_item.ts
+++ b/packages/api/src/services/library_item.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import { createPubSubClient, EntityType } from '../pubsub'
 import { redisDataSource } from '../redis_data_source'
 import { authTrx, getColumns, queryBuilderToRawSql } from '../repository'
 import { libraryItemRepository } from '../repository/library_item'
+import { Merge } from '../util'
 import { setRecentlySavedItemInRedis } from '../utils/helpers'
 import { parseSearchQuery } from '../utils/search'
 import { addLabelsToLibraryItem } from './labels'
@@ -825,18 +826,45 @@ export const createLibraryItems = async (
   )
 }
 
+export type CreateOrUpdateLibraryItemArgs = Merge<
+  DeepPartial<LibraryItem>,
+  { originalUrl: string }
+>
 export const createOrUpdateLibraryItem = async (
-  libraryItem: DeepPartial<LibraryItem>,
+  libraryItem: CreateOrUpdateLibraryItemArgs,
   userId: string,
   pubsub = createPubSubClient(),
-  skipPubSub = false,
-  finalUrl?: string
+  skipPubSub = false
 ): Promise<LibraryItem> => {
   const newLibraryItem = await authTrx(
-    async (tx) =>
-      tx
-        .withRepository(libraryItemRepository)
-        .upsertLibraryItem(libraryItem, finalUrl),
+    async (tx) => {
+      const repo = tx.withRepository(libraryItemRepository)
+      // find existing library item by user_id and url for update
+      const existingLibraryItem = await repo.findByUserIdAndUrl(
+        userId,
+        libraryItem.originalUrl,
+        true
+      )
+
+      if (existingLibraryItem) {
+        // update existing library item
+        const newItem = await repo.save({
+          ...libraryItem,
+          id: existingLibraryItem.id,
+          slug: existingLibraryItem.slug, // keep the original slug
+        })
+
+        // delete the new item if it's different from the existing one
+        if (libraryItem.id && libraryItem.id !== existingLibraryItem.id) {
+          await repo.delete(libraryItem.id)
+        }
+
+        return newItem
+      }
+
+      // create or update library item
+      return repo.upsertLibraryItemById(libraryItem)
+    },
     undefined,
     userId
   )
diff --git a/packages/api/src/services/recommendation.ts b/packages/api/src/services/recommendation.ts
index cd090cdb6..483b10366 100644
--- a/packages/api/src/services/recommendation.ts
+++ b/packages/api/src/services/recommendation.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,11 @@ import { Recommendation } from '../entity/recommendation'
 import { authTrx } from '../repository'
 import { logger } from '../utils/logger'
 import { createHighlights } from './highlights'
-import { createOrUpdateLibraryItem, findLibraryItemByUrl } from './library_item'
+import {
+  createOrUpdateLibraryItem,
+  CreateOrUpdateLibraryItemArgs,
+  findLibraryItemByUrl,
+} from './library_item'
 
 export const addRecommendation = async (
   item: LibraryItem,
@@ -18,7 +22,7 @@ export const addRecommendation = async (
     let recommendedItem = await findLibraryItemByUrl(item.originalUrl, userId)
     if (!recommendedItem) {
       // create a new item
-      const newItem: DeepPartial<LibraryItem> = {
+      const newItem: CreateOrUpdateLibraryItemArgs = {
         user: { id: userId },
         slug: item.slug,
         title: item.title,
diff --git a/packages/api/src/services/save_page.ts b/packages/api/src/services/save_page.ts
index fafc20dc7..e4f065e94 100644
--- a/packages/api/src/services/save_page.ts
+++ b/packages/api/src/services/save_page.ts
@@ -128,8 +128,7 @@ export const savePage = async (
     itemToSave,
     user.id,
     undefined,
-    isImported,
-    input.finalUrl
+    isImported
   )
   clientRequestId = newItem.id
 
diff --git a/packages/api/test/resolvers/article.test.ts b/packages/api/test/resolvers/article.test.ts
index a3fd7e034..c93a388b3 100644
--- a/packages/api/test/resolvers/article.test.ts
+++ b/packages/api/test/resolvers/article.test.ts
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import {
   findLibraryItemById,
   findLibraryItemByUrl,
   updateLibraryItem,
+  CreateOrUpdateLibraryItemArgs,
 } from '../../src/services/library_item'
 import { deleteUser } from '../../src/services/user'
 import * as createTask from '../../src/utils/createTask'
@@ -443,7 +444,7 @@ describe('Article API', () => {
     let itemId: string
 
     before(async () => {
-      const itemToCreate: DeepPartial<LibraryItem> = {
+      const itemToCreate: CreateOrUpdateLibraryItemArgs = {
         title: 'test title',
         originalContent: '<p>test</p>',
         slug: realSlug,
@@ -696,7 +697,7 @@ describe('Article API', () => {
     let itemId: string
 
     before(async () => {
-      const itemToSave: DeepPartial<LibraryItem> = {
+      const itemToSave: CreateOrUpdateLibraryItemArgs = {
         user,
         title: 'test title',
         readableContent: '<p>test</p>',
@@ -924,7 +925,7 @@ describe('Article API', () => {
       const readingProgressArray = [0, 2, 97, 98, 100]
       // Create some test items
       for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-        const itemToSave: DeepPartial<LibraryItem> = {
+        const itemToSave: CreateOrUpdateLibraryItemArgs = {
           user,
           title: 'test title',
           readableContent: `<p>test ${searchedKeyword}</p>`,
@@ -1971,7 +1972,7 @@ describe('Article API', () => {
     before(async () => {
       // Create some test items
       for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-        const itemToSave: DeepPartial<LibraryItem> = {
+        const itemToSave: CreateOrUpdateLibraryItemArgs = {
           user,
           title: 'typeahead search item',
           readableContent: '<p>test</p>',
@@ -2045,7 +2046,7 @@ describe('Article API', () => {
     before(async () => {
       // Create some test items
       for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-        const itemToSave: DeepPartial<LibraryItem> = {
+        const itemToSave: CreateOrUpdateLibraryItemArgs = {
           title: 'test item',
           slug: '',
           readableContent: '<p>test</p>',
@@ -2316,7 +2317,7 @@ describe('Article API', () => {
     let articleId = ''
 
     before(async () => {
-      const itemToSave: DeepPartial<LibraryItem> = {
+      const itemToSave: CreateOrUpdateLibraryItemArgs = {
         user,
         title: 'test setFavoriteArticle',
         slug: '',
@@ -2361,7 +2362,7 @@ describe('Article API', () => {
     before(async () => {
       // Create some test items
       for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-        const itemToSave: DeepPartial<LibraryItem> = {
+        const itemToSave: CreateOrUpdateLibraryItemArgs = {
           user,
           title: 'test item',
           readableContent: '<p>test</p>',
diff --git a/packages/readabilityjs/Readability.js b/packages/readabilityjs/Readability.js
index 999d7de71..a64b9360f 100644
--- a/packages/readabilityjs/Readability.js
+++ b/packages/readabilityjs/Readability.js
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ Readability.prototype = {
     // Readability-readerable.js. Please keep both copies in sync.
     articleNegativeLookBehindCandidates: /breadcrumbs|breadcrumb|utils|trilist|_header/i,
     articleNegativeLookAheadCandidates: /outstream(.?)_|sub(.?)_|m_|omeda-promo-|in-article-advert|block-ad-.*|tl_/i,
-    unlikelyCandidates: /\bad\b|ai2html|banner|breadcrumbs|breadcrumb|combx|comment|community|cover-wrap|disqus|extra|footer|gdpr|header|legends|menu|related|remark|replies|rss|shoutbox|sidebar|skyscraper|social|sponsor|supplemental|ad-break|agegate|pagination|pager(?!ow)|popup|yom-remote|copyright|keywords|outline|infinite-list|beta|recirculation|site-index|hide-for-print|post-end-share-cta|post-end-cta-full|post-footer|post-head|post-tag|li-date|main-navigation|programtic-ads|outstream_article|hfeed|comment-holder|back-to-top|show-up-next|onward-journey|topic-tracker|list-nav|block-ad-entity|adSpecs|gift-article-button|modal-title|in-story-masthead|share-tools|standard-dock|expanded-dock|margins-h|subscribe-dialog|icon|bumped|dvz-social-media-buttons|post-toc|mobile-menu|mobile-navbar|tl_article_header|mvp(-post)*-(add-story|soc(-mob)*-wrap)|w-condition-invisible|rich-text-block main w-richtext|rich-text-block_ataglance at-a-glance test w-richtext|PostsPage-commentsSection|hide-text|text-blurple/i,
+    unlikelyCandidates: /\bad\b|ai2html|banner|breadcrumbs|breadcrumb|combx|comment|community|cover-wrap|disqus|extra|footer|gdpr|header|legends|menu|related|remark|replies|rss|shoutbox|sidebar|skyscraper|social|sponsor|supplemental|ad-break|agegate|pagination|pager(?!ow)|popup|yom-remote|copyright|keywords|outline|infinite-list|beta|recirculation|site-index|hide-for-print|post-end-share-cta|post-end-cta-full|post-footer|post-head|post-tag|li-date|main-navigation|programtic-ads|outstream_article|hfeed|comment-holder|back-to-top|show-up-next|onward-journey|topic-tracker|list-nav|block-ad-entity|adSpecs|gift-article-button|modal-title|in-story-masthead|share-tools|standard-dock|expanded-dock|margins-h|subscribe-dialog|icon|bumped|dvz-social-media-buttons|post-toc|mobile-menu|mobile-navbar|tl_article_header|mvp(-post)*-(add-story|soc(-mob)*-wrap)|w-condition-invisible|rich-text-block main w-richtext|rich-text-block_ataglance at-a-glance test w-richtext|PostsPage-commentsSection|hide-text|text-blurple|bottom-wrapper/i,
     // okMaybeItsACandidate: /and|article(?!-breadcrumb)|body|column|content|main|shadow|post-header/i,
     get okMaybeItsACandidate() {
       return new RegExp(`and|(?<!${this.articleNegativeLookAheadCandidates.source})article(?!-(${this.articleNegativeLookBehindCandidates.source}))|body|column|content|^(?!main-navigation|main-header)main|shadow|post-header|hfeed site|blog-posts hfeed|container-banners|menu-opacity|header-with-anchor-widget|commentOnSelection|highlight--with-header`, 'i')